1. Oxygen (O2)
2. Acetylene (C2 H2) 1. Oxygen (O2) The oxygen is a gaseous constituent chemical description of which ‘O’ is an contraction of the Latin name oxygenium. The oxygen is mainly profuse element in the earth’s crust. It is present in the air up to 21 % and in water up to 89% approx. In gaseous condition oxygen is colorless and odorless gas. Oxygen form compound by almost all other elements and process involved is call oxidation. While such an oxidation method take place though generating heat it is call combustion. In respiration the lungs soak up oxygen, a slow combustion method take place, which maintains body temperature. Oxygen reduce to a liquid while cooled to 183°C at 1 atm. pressure with freezes at - 218°C, at which temperature oxygen therefore change to a solid condition. 2. Acetylene (C2 H2) The acetylene is gaseous hydrocarbon contain by weight 92.24% carbon with 7.76% hydrogen and is 10% lighter than air. There are other hydrocarbons by the similar percentage substance of carbon and hydrogen but they do not contain the high thermal competence of acetylene. This property is suitable to the particular chemical binding of carbon with hydrogen in acetylene. Large quantity of energy is exhausted to make a triple bond among two carbon atoms. This store power is released while the acetylene gas burns. Raw material for produce acetylene is calcium carbide (CaC2) which is taking by heating a combination of carbon with lime to an extremely high temperature is an electric furnace. Acetylene is also formed then calcium carbide combined by water. Chemical formula for this method is
CaC2 + 2 H2 O = C2 H2 + Ca(OH)2
Suitable to contaminations in calcium carbide, the generate gas the raw acetylene is not clean. It have sulphur with phosphorus compounds, which would contain an adverse cause while using the fresh gas in welding. For this cause the gas has to be dried out and purify suspiciously prior to being bottled in cylinders for utilize.
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